Building A Powerful Posts API With CRUD Operations

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Hey guys, let's dive into building a robust Posts Controller API! We're going to create a complete CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) system for managing blog-style posts. This guide will help you implement a system that allows users to create, read, update, and delete posts, along with other key features like pagination, search, filtering, and more. Let's get started and make our content management super efficient! This is based on the Jira ticket CRM-10 for the 'New Posts Controller.'

🚀 Overview: The Core of Our Posts API

Our main goal is to create a comprehensive posts management system. This system will allow users to perform essential actions. Users should be able to create new posts to share their content, browse existing posts, read the details of specific posts, modify their own posts, and remove unwanted content. Furthermore, users should also have the capability to view posts based on the author.

This comprehensive approach will demonstrate one-to-many relationships, meaning one author can have many posts, providing a strong foundation for content management features. We'll cover everything from setting up models to creating API endpoints and testing your work.

🙋 User Stories: What Users Can Do

To make sure our API is user-friendly, we'll follow these user stories:

Core Functionality:

  1. As a user, I want to create a new post so that I can share content.
  2. As a user, I want to view all posts so that I can browse available content.
  3. As a user, I want to view a specific post so that I can read its details.
  4. As a user, I want to update my own posts so that I can correct or improve content.
  5. As a user, I want to delete my own posts so that I can remove unwanted content.
  6. As a user, I want to view posts by a specific author so that I can see their content.

These stories outline the core features and ensure our API meets user expectations. Now, let's move on to how we will build this API.

🛠️ API Endpoints Specification: The API's Blueprint

Let's define the API endpoints, which are the entry points for our application.

GET /api/posts

  • Purpose: Retrieve all posts with pagination and filtering.
  • Query Parameters: page (optional, default: 1) - Page number, limit (optional, default: 10) - Items per page, search (optional) - Search in title and content, authorId (optional) - Filter by author, status (optional) - Filter by status (draft, published).
  • Response: Paginated list of posts.
  • Rate Limit: General limiter.

GET /api/posts/:id

  • Purpose: Retrieve a specific post by ID.
  • Parameters: id (required) - Post ID.
  • Response: Single post object.
  • Rate Limit: General limiter.

POST /api/posts

  • Purpose: Create a new post.
  • Body: Post data (title, content, status, etc.).
  • Response: Created post object.
  • Authentication: Required.
  • Rate Limit: General limiter.

PUT /api/posts/:id

  • Purpose: Update an existing post.
  • Parameters: id (required) - Post ID.
  • Body: Updated post data.
  • Response: Updated post object.
  • Authentication: Required (only own posts).
  • Rate Limit: General limiter.

DELETE /api/posts/:id

  • Purpose: Delete a specific post.
  • Parameters: id (required) - Post ID.
  • Response: Success confirmation.
  • Authentication: Required (only own posts).
  • Rate Limit: General limiter.

These endpoints define how users will interact with our API. Now, let's discuss how to build this API.

📋 Implementation Requirements: Building the Pieces

Here's a breakdown of the files we'll need to create and modify to implement our Posts Controller:

Files to Create/Modify:

  • src/models/Post.js - Post model with relationships to User.
  • src/controllers/postController.js - All CRUD operations.
  • src/services/postService.js - Business logic layer.
  • src/routes/posts.js - Route definitions.
  • src/middleware/postValidation.js - Input validation.
  • tests/post.test.js - Comprehensive test suite.

Post Model Schema:

{
 id: String (UUID),
 title: String (required, max 200 chars),
 content: String (required),
 status: Enum ['draft', 'published'] (default: 'draft'),
 authorId: String (foreign key to User),
 createdAt: Date,
 updatedAt: Date,
 publishedAt: Date (nullable)
}

This schema defines the structure of each post, including required fields like title and content, and optional fields like status and publish date. With the help of these requirements, we can build this API.

Additional Features:

  • Pagination support: To handle large numbers of posts efficiently.
  • Search functionality (title and content): Allowing users to find posts quickly.
  • Author filtering: To view posts by a specific author.
  • Status filtering: To filter posts by their status (e.g., draft, published).
  • Input validation and sanitization: Ensuring data integrity.
  • Proper error handling: To provide informative error messages.
  • Rate limiting: To protect the API from abuse.
  • Authentication middleware: To secure the API.
  • Authorization (users can only modify their own posts): Ensuring data privacy and security.

By following these steps, you can create a fully functional Posts Controller API.

🧪 Testing Requirements: Making Sure It Works

Testing is very important for any API. It ensures that everything works correctly.

Testing Requirements:

  • Unit tests for all controller methods.
  • Integration tests for API endpoints.
  • Validation tests for input constraints.
  • Authentication/authorization tests.
  • Error handling tests.

These tests ensure that your API behaves as expected. It also helps maintain a high level of reliability.

📚 Related: Connecting the Pieces

  • Source: Jira ticket CRM-10.
  • Priority: Medium.
  • Dependencies: Existing User model and authentication system.

This project has a medium priority and relies on an existing user model and authentication system. This is the complete guide for implementing a Posts Controller with CRUD operations. By following these steps, you can build a robust and user-friendly content management system. Happy coding, guys!